An infection that develops in any part of the urinary tract is referred to as a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). UTIs can be treated with antibiotics, but having the necessary information about the infection is important for the treatment to be effective. So, here’s everything you should know about the causes and diagnosis of UTI.

What are the causes of UTI?
UTIs can be caused by anything that interrupts the emptying of the bladder or causes irritation in the urinary tract.

It is because of these infections that women are often recommended to clean themselves after urinating. Urethra refers to the tube that carries the urine from the bladder to remove it from the body, and this tube is located in proximity to the anus. Bacteria like E.coli can be found in the large intestines and sometimes can enter the urethra from the anus. The bacteria can then move up to the bladder if a UTI is left untreated, and it can go on to infect the kidneys as well. Women have a shorter urethra than men, which makes it easier for bacteria to enter their bladders. In some cases, sexual intercourse can also make bacteria enter the urinary tract.

Several factors can elevate the risk of developing UTIs:

• UTIs most commonly affect older adults
• Less body movement after surgery or staying on bed rest for a long duration can make a person susceptible to developing a UTI
• Having kidney stones or a history of UTIs increases the risk
• An obstruction in the urinary tract by kidney stones, an enlarged prostate, and some types of cancers can cause a UTI
• The use of catheters for long periods of time can allow bacteria to enter the bladder more easily
• Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk
• Pregnancy makes women more prone to developing UTIs
• Having abnormal urinary structures by birth or having a weak immune system adds to the risk of UTIs

How is a UTI diagnosed?
Understanding the causes and diagnosis of UTIs plays a crucial role in treating the condition. If one has been experiencing symptoms or falls in the high-risk category, they must consult a doctor.

• A urine sample is collected to check for the presence of bacteria that causes UTI. The sample must be a “clean patch” sample, which means the patient must collect the urine in the middle of the stream and not at the beginning. This is done to avoid the collection of yeast or bacteria from the skin.
• In the case of recurrent UTIs, a doctor might prescribe a CT scan or an MRI if they suspect a severe issue affecting the urinary tract
• A doctor may also use a cystoscope to understand the causes and make a diagnosis of UTI by checking inside the bladder and the urethra.